Influence of the strength of the ankle plantar flexors on dynamic balance in 55-65-year-old women
Palabras clave:
Triceps surae, Coordination, Falls risk, Older adultsResumen
Objetivos: La pérdida de fuerza de los flexores plantares del tobillo relacionada con el envejecimiento puede limitar el rendimiento de equilibrio en las actividades funcionales de la vida diaria en adultos mayores. El déficit de fuerza de esta musculatura y un inadecuado equilibrio dinámico han sido correlacionados con un incremento del riesgo de caídas en los adultos mayores. Por tanto, el principal objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la asociación entre la fuerza de los flexores plantares y el equilibrio dinámico en mujeres mayores.
Métodos: Un total de 79 mujeres con edades comprendidas entre 55 y 65 años participaron en el presente estudio. Los sujetos participaban en un programa sistemático de ejercicio físico en un centro de fitness privado de la Región de Murcia durante el curso 2019. Un estudio transversal correlacional fue diseñado para correlacionar el equilibrio dinámico valorado mediante los tests Y-balance Test (YB) y Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) con la fuerza de los flexores plantares del tobillo, medida mediante el test Calf-raise (CR). Una prueba de Wilcoxon se llevó a cabo para evaluar las diferencias entre los valores de los lados dominante y no dominante en el test de equilibrio Y-Balance test. Un análisis de correlación de Spearman fue aplicado para observar si la fuerza de los flexores plantares del tobillo se asociaba con los dos tests de equilibrio dinámico.
Resultados: Una correlación “pequeña” significativa entre la fuerza de los flexores plantares del tobillo y el equilibrio dinámico Y-Balance postero-lateral (p = 0,023; r = 0,256) fue encontrada en los sujetos del presente estudio de investigación.
Conclusiones: El principal hallazgo del presente estudio fue que las mujeres de 55-65 años precisan entrenar la fuerza de los flexores plantares del tobillo para mejorar el equilibrio dinámico unipodal y minimizar el posible riesgo de caída.
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