Knowledge, perception and experiences on COVID-19 pandemic among internal migrant workers in India
Palabras clave:
Covid-19, Migrant Labour, Knowledge, Experience, IndiaResumen
Objectives: To identify the knowledge, perceptions, and experiences of internal migrant workers in India regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The authors conducted 227 semi-structured phone interviews with returnee migrants in Sambalpur, Bargarh, Bolangir, and Deogarh in Odisha state between June and July 2020. Participants were interviewed in Oriya language and the interview schedule included different questions on participants’ awareness, concern, knowledge, and risk. Additionally, the schedule also assessed the impacts of Covid-19 on health well-being of participants.
Results: Among the 227 participants, most responded correctly about the origin, symptoms of COVID-19, and important preventative measures such as regular consumption of Vitamin C, eating a balanced diet, and drinking “Kadha.” However, there was lower knowledge about the causes of the disease and its risks. Regarding the source of information, the majority of migrants received COVID-19-related information from their phones, followed by television. Additionally, many migrants reported job loss and financial stress, which led to challenges and hardships in daily life, particularly around job loss, food security, and family well-being, including the physical health of migrants.
Conclusions: Although migrants revealed high compliance with knowledge and preventative measures related to the pandemic, the majority of them shared negative experiences. Thus, the results underscore the vulnerability of migrant populations to the pandemic and the need for measures that increase resilience to large-scale shocks.
Descargas
Citas
Acharya, A. K. (2020). Caste-based migration and exposure to abuse and exploitation: Dadan labour migration in India. Contemporary Social Science, 16(3), 371–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2020.1855467
Acharya, A. K., & Patel, S. (2021). Vulnerabilities of internal returnee migrants in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. DveDomovini, 54(54), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3986/dd.2021.2.03
Agrawal, P. (2020, April 1). Bihar’s migrants return to face stigma, underprepared medical facilities. India Spend. Retrieved June 20, 2021, from https://www.indiaspend.com/bihars-migrants-return-to-face-stigma-under-preparedmedical-facilities/
Azlan, A. A., Hamzah, M. R., Sern, T. J., Ayub, S. H., & Mohamad, E. (2020). Public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia. PloS One, 15(5), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233668
Banthia, J., & Dyson, T. (1999). Smallpox in nineteenth-century India. Population and Development Review, 25(4), 649–680.
Barik, S. (2021, February 28). Lockdown displaces lakhs of migrants. The Hindu. Retrieved June 20, 2021, from https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/children-of-migrant-labourers-in-odisha-face-an-uncertain-future/article33951850.ece
Bauza, V., Sclar, G. D., Bisoyi, A., Owens, A., Ghugey, A., & Clasen, T. (2021). Experience of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Odisha, India: Knowledge, Preventative Actions, and Impacts on Daily Life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062863
Bhagat, R. B., Reshmi, R. S., Sahoo, H., Roy, A. K., & Govil, D. (2020). The COVID-19, migration and livelihood in India: Challenges and policy issues. Migration Letters, 17(5), 705–718. https://doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i5.1048
Bhatt, N., Bhatt, B., Gurung, S., Dahal, S., Jaishi, A. R., Neupane, B., & Budhathoki, S. S. (2020). Perceptions and experiences of the public regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: a qualitative study using phenomenological analysis. BMJ Open, 10(12), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043312
Bindra, J., & Sharma, N. C. (2020, April 1). Coronavirus: Govt tells SC one-third of migrant workers could be infected. Mint. Retrieved July 24, 2021, from https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-govt-tells-sc-one-third-of-migrant-workers-could-be-infected-11585643185390.html
Choudhari R. (2020). COVID 19 pandemic: Mental health challenges of internal migrant workers of India. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102254
de Haan, A. (2020). Labour Migrants during the Pandemic: A Comparative Perspective. The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 63, 885–900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00283-w
Deka, K. (2021, April 24). Covid-19 second wave: Has the situation improved for migrant workers? India Today. Retrieved August 5, 2021, from https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20210503-covid-19-second-wave-has-the-situation-improved-for-migrant-workers-1794150-2021-04-24
Ferdous, M. Z., Islam, M. S., Sikder, M. T., Mosaddek, A. S. M., Zegarra-Valdivia, J. A., & Gozal, D. (2020). Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: An online-based cross-sectional study. PloS One, 15(10), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239254
Ghosh, D. (2020). Coronavirus: Migrant worker who walked two days to get home now faces stigma, uncertain future. Scroll.in. Retrieved May 5, 2020, from https://scroll.in/article/957657/coronavirus-migrant-worker-who-walked-two-days-to-get-home-now-faces-stigma-uncertain-future
Government of India. (2021). Covid-19 India. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Retrieved January 5, 2021, from https://www.mohfw.gov.in/
Hill, K. (2011). Influenza in India 1918: Excess mortality reassessed. Genus, 67(2), 9–29.
Irudaya Rajan, S., Sivakumar, P., & Srinivasan, A. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic and Internal Labour Migration in India: A 'Crisis of Mobility'. The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 63(4), 1021–1039. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00293-8
Kakar, V. (2020). Differently-abled migrant women workers grapple with the pandemic. The Leaflet. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://theleaflet.in/differently-abled-migrant-women-workers-grapple-with-the-pandemic/
Kumar, S., & Choudhury, S. (2021). Migrant workers and human rights: A critical study on India’s COVID-19 lockdown policy. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 3(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100130
Loveband, A. (2004). Nationality matters: SARS and foreign domestic workers' rights in Taiwan Province of China. International Migration, 42(5), 121–145.
Lusome, R., & Bhagat, R. B. (2020). Migration in Northeast India: Inflows, outflows and reverse flows during pandemic. The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 63(4), 1125–1141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00278-7
Mishra, A. (2020, May 4). Odisha government ill-prepared to handle the lakhs of migrant workers coming home. The Wire. Retrieved July 14, 2021, from https://thewire.in/government/odisha-migrant-workers-quarantine-jobs
Pande, A. (2020). COVID-19 and the distress reverse migration in India: A gendered perspective. Global Research Forum on Diaspora and Transnationalism (GRFDT). Retrieved June 23, 2021, from https://grfdt.com/PublicationDetails.aspx?Type=Articles&TabId=10144
Pandey, V. (2020). Coronavirus lockdown: The Indian migrants dying to get home. BBC News. Retrieved February 18, 2021, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52672764
Polakovic, G. (2020). How does coronavirus affect young people’s psyches? USC News. Retrieved June 23, 2021, from https://news.usc.edu/167275/how-does-coronavirus-affect-young-people-psyches/
Rao, N., Narain, N., Chakraborty, S., Bhanjdeo, A., & Pattnaik, A. (2020). Destinations matter: Social policy and migrant workers in the times of Covid. The European Journal of Development Research, 32, 1639–1661. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-020-00326-4
Sharma, N. (2020, September 14). India’s harsh Covid-19 lockdown displaced at least 10 million migrants. Quartz India. Retrieved June 23, 2021, from https://qz.com/india/1903018/indias-covid-19-lockdown-displaced-at-least-10-million-migrants/
Suresh, R., James, J., & Balraju, R. S. J. (2020). Migrant workers at crossroads—The COVID-19 pandemic and the migrant experience in India. Social Work in Public Health, 35, 633–643. https://doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2020.1808552
Szymona-Pa?kowska, K., Janowski, K., Pedrycz, A., Mucha, D., Ambro?y, T., Siermontowski, P., Adamczuk, J., Sapalska, M., Mucha, D., & Kraczkowski, J. (2016). Knowledge of the Disease, Perceived Social Support, and Cognitive Appraisals in Women with Urinary Incontinence. BioMed Research International, 63, 1021–1039. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3694792
World Bank. (2020). COVID-19 crisis through a migration lens. Migration and development brief, no. 32. World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33634
World Health Organization (WHO). (2020, February 24). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation report – 35. World Health Organization.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2021, August 4). Weekly epidemiological update – August 4, 2021. World Health Organization. Retrieved August 4, 2021, from https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---4-august-2021
Zhong, B.-L., Luo, W., Li, H.-M., Zhang, Q.-Q., Liu, X.-G., Li, W.-T., & Li, Y. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: A quick online cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(10), 1745–1752. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.45221
Zimmerman, C., & Watts, C. (2003). WHO ethical and safety recommendations for interviewing trafficked women. World Health Organization.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Copyright and Licensing
For all articles published in Atena Journals, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work, while ensuring that the authors receive proper credit.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers
It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for:
- Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
- Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
- Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
- Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for:
- Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
- Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
- Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Atena Journals cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.
